NDM Sources

Many documents and press clippings are in my and Peter Gastrow’s personal archives (see list below). If you’re looking for anything from those archives, contact me at Hofmeyr1953@gmail.com.

Below is a list of source documents and websites that I used. It is not set out in the manner of a conventional academic publication with end-notes and so on. But you should be able to verify anything you want to relatively easily from the list.

General Sources

Africanist (The): the website that housed these important journals by Leballo and
    Sobukwe is down. Fortunately, I have copies.

Americans for South African Resistance (1952): “Bulletin of the Campaign for the
    Defiance of Unjust Laws” about the first days of the Defiance Campaign. Published
    for the ANC and SAIC.

ANC Timelines: 1910 to 1999. Google “ANC timeline <decade>.” Google will take you
    to the relevant pages on the South African History Online website. Consulted
    between August 2025 and January 2026.

ANC website: https://www.anc1912.org.za/ 
    Freedom Charter, select: Who we are – The Freedom Charter. Strategy and Tactics
    (1969): enter into the <Search> field.

Biko, Stephen B. (1971): “White Racism and Black Consciousness,” a paper presented at
    the University of Cape Town’s Abe Bailey Institute. It’s reproduced in I Write What
    I Like, Picador Africa 2017 (Kindle edition) pp. 109, 111, 113.

Bloom, Tony (1985): “Notes of a meeting held at Mfuwe Game Lodge 13 September 1985.”
    The notes are housed in the University of Cape Town archives.

Castro-Leal, Florencia (1999): Poverty and Inequality in the Distribution of Public
    Education Spending in South Africa, World Bank (Country Dept, Africa region).

Esterhuyse, Willie (2012): Endgame: Secret Talks and the End of Apartheid (Paperback
    edition). Tafelberg, Cape Town.

Gerhart, Gail M. and Clive L. Glaser (2010): Volume 6: Challenge and Victory
    1980-1990, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Part of the original Karis and
    Carter series: From Protest to Challenge.

Gorman, Michael E. and Patricia H. Werhane (2008): “Eskom and the South African
    Electrification Program,” Darden Business Development, University of Virginia.

Hansard South Africa Act debate: https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/. Search: 27
    July 1909. The South Africa Bill.

Hirschowitz, Ros and Mark Orkin (1997): “Inequality in South Africa: Findings from the
    1994 October Household Survey,” Social Indicators Research 41: 119-136, Kluwer
    Academic Publishers, Netherlands.

Johns, Sheridan III (1972): Protest and Hope 1882-1934 (paperback edition 1987),
    Hoover Institution Press, California. Vol. 1 of Karis and Carter: From Protest to
    Challenge.

Jolobe, Zwelethu (2014): Getting to CODESA: An Analysis of Why Multi-party
    Negotiations in South Africa Began – 1984 to 1991. PhD thesis, Univ. of Cape Town.

Kadalie, Clements (1970): My Life and the ICU, Frank Cass & Co., London.

Karis, Thomas (1972): Protest and Hope 1935-1952 (paperback edition 1987), Hoover
    Institution Press, California. Vol. 2 of Karis and Carter: From Protest to Challenge.

Kruger, Botha W. (2005): Prenegotiations in South Africa (1985 -1993): A Phaseological
    Analysis for the Transitional Negotiations. Master’s thesis. Univ. of Stellenbosch.

Law Library South Africa: https://lawlibrary.org.za/. To find a downloadable PDF of
    any Act, enter the name of the act into <Search> and enter.

Nelson Mandela Foundation: https://www.nelsonmandela.org/

O’Malley archive: https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv00000.htm.
    Documents downloaded between June 2025 and January 2026. 
    For ANC military activity, select: General information – organizations, MK, list of
    MK operations.
    For the Green Book strategy and tactics 1979, select: Mac Maharaj – Documents
    and Reports 1979.
    For Political interviews, select: O’Malley’s political interviews – Alphabetical list of
    people interviewed.
    Racial legislation, select: Pre-transition 1902-1989 - Racial legislation.

Politicsweb: https://www.politicsweb.co.za/ For the NP’s 1947 manifesto:
    politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/apartheid-the-nps-1947-manifesto.

Savage, Michael (2014): Trekking Outward: A Chronology of Meetings between the
    South Africans and the ANC in Exile 1983-2000. University of Cape Town.

Shandler, David (1991): Structural Crisis and Liberalism: A History of the Progressive
    Federal Party – 1981-1989, Master’s thesis, University of Cape Town.

South African general election results 1910 to 1994: go to Wikipedia and enter the
    following search: “<Date> South African general election” or Google it using the
    same search term.

Transvaler, Die (The Transvaler): you can find digital copies on the website of the
    Global Press Archive: https://gpa.eastview.com. Type “Die Transvaler” in the
     <Search> and enter.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission: https://www.justice.gov.za/TRC/. This huge
    archive uses Google search. To look for something, simply use the “search” field as
    you would with Google. My use dates to February 2026.

United Nations Security Council resolutions, go to:  https://unscr.com/. Search by
    resolution number.

Van der Merwe, H.W. (1998): “Facilitation and Mediation in South Africa – Three Case
    Studies.” Available from the website of George Mason University:
    https://www3.gmu.edu/programs.

Website: South Africa’s Independent Electoral Commission. 
    https://www.elections.org.za/pw/. Consulted in January 2026.

Young, Michael (1987-1990): The Michael Young Papers. Donated by Young to the
    Borthwick Institute of Archives. Available from the Nelson Mandela Foundation.

Gastrow and Hofmeyr Personal Papers

Press clippings: except for Die Transvaler, all quotes from newspapers come from press clippings in our personal collections.

Letters and press releases:

1987: 
    7 October, Peter Gastrow letter to Colin Eglin resigning from the PFP. 
    8 October, Wynand Malan press release welcoming the PFP 3 to the NDM.

1990: 
    11 July, Wynand Malan press release on his resignation from parliament/the DP. 
    29 July, Peter Gastrow letter of resignation from the DP’s Interaction Committee.

Minutes of NDM leadership meetings (compiled by Sybelle Albrecht):

1987: 2 October, 11 November, 17 November, 14 December.

1988: 5 February, 8 March, 15 March, 22 March, 4-5 April, 19 April, 28 April, 10 May.

NDM Constituency reports (November/December 1988): Claremont, Gardens, George,
    Paarl, Simonstown, Southern Suburbs, Stellenbosch (Western Cape). Johannesburg,
    Pretoria (Transvaal).

NDM foundation and strategy documents:

End 1987: 
    Head office: Guidelines for Constituency Committees: General Aims of the NDM.
    Head Office: The “New” Movement and Vision/Position/Mission; leadership papers.
    Head Office: Strategie Ontwikkeling; authored by Pierre Cronje.

1988: 
    January, Gedagtes oor ’n politieke strategie vir die NDB. Author: by J van Zyl.
    1 March, Memo about NDM Strategy. Author: by Adv. de Villiers. 
    4 April, reply to Gerhard Erasmus’s proposals. Author: Adv. de Villiers. 
    22 April, Voorstelle vir ’n Bestuursstruktuur vir die NDB. Author: Peter Gastrow. 
    27 April, Gedagtes oor ’n politieke strategie vir die NDB: Author APJ vd Walt.

Other Press releases and summaries of meetings:

1987: July, Dakar Communique Issued Jointly by the ANC and the Dakar Group.

1988: May, Summary: Points of discussion – NDM/ANC; notes from the Frankfurt
    meeting with the ANC. And: NDM/ANC: Joint Statement; press release after the
    Frankfurt meeting with the ANC.

Research reports, presentations, speeches:

Hofmeyr, J. 
    1985: Research presentation to the Federal Council of the PFP.
    1986: Research Brief: A Congress Freebie. For the PFP Congress, Gold Reef City.
    1987: Note to PFP Strategy Committee about election messaging
    1988: Reconstruction of the opposition: Some research notes; for NDM leadership.
    1988: Research presentation to a meeting of the ANC and NDM in Frankfurt.
    1989: The White South African Psyche. For Five Freedoms Forum visit to the ANC.

Van Zyl Slabbert, F. 
    1988: Speech delivered at NDM meeting held on 9 March 1988, Cape Town. 
    1988: A Strategic Proposal; tabled at a meeting with the ANC and NDM, Frankfurt.

Formation of the Democratic Party:

1988:
    22 November, Independent Party letter from Gant and Momberg to Adv. de Villiers
    with the IP’s questions pre-merger. Reply from Adv. de Villiers.
    November/December, Press statement after the first merger meetings under the
    chairmanship of Dr Willem de Klerk at the home of Louis Luyt.

1989:
    2 February, DP Strategy: Summary; authored by Pierre Cronje.
    4 April, Jan Hofmeyr handwritten notes from the pre-launch meeting of the
    Democratic Party.
    4 April, Democratic Party Constitution, 9th draft. Author: Marinus Wiechers.
    24 October, Strategy for the Next Year; a memo from James Selfe about the
    difficulty of responding to F.W. de Klerk’s reforms after the 6 September election.

1990:
    8 March, Recommended Democratic Party strategy “Towards Democracy.” This
    document notes that Van Zyl Slabbert, in his capacity as Strategic Advisor, was
    “canvassed” by the chairperson.